I updated the Solution Enabler installation (I installed Solution Enabler on my vCenter server, but it is also available as a SUSE based virtual appliance), and then updated the plug-in.

The update appeared to install without any problems.  The vSphere Client launched like a champ after the update – no errors, but no EMC Storage plug-in either.  Odd.  The problem occurred on both my vCenter Server’s vSphere client and my workstation, so seems to be more than an isolated issue.

I did an uninstall of the plug-in using Add/Remove Programs, and then reinstalled it.  After the reinstall the EMC Storage plug-in icon appeared in my vSphere Client as pictured below.

The EMC Virtual Storage Integrator (VSI) plug-in is free – installing it is a no-brainer for anyone running Clariion or Celerra storage arrays.  The VSI simplifies the job of mapping vSphere Datastores to LUN’s and NFS shares on your EMC storage, and helps pinpoint the location of VM’s and RDM’s on your array.  This visibility for the VMware administrator into the storage layer can go a long way in helping troubleshoot storage performance issues and simplifying communication between server, storage, and virtulization teams.

EMC actually offers three different free vSphere plug-ins, including the VSI.  The EMC Unified Block plug-in and the EMC Unified NAS plug-in round out the trio.  EMC’s Virtual Geek, Chad Sakac, covers all three in his blog post here: http://virtualgeek.typepad.com/virtual_geek/2010/06/update-on-emc-vsphere-plugins.html.

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The process of setting up an additional VUM patch repository to host PowerPath/VE (and other 3rd party extensions such as the Cisco Nexus 1000v) is pretty straight forward.  3rd party extensions are supported in VUM beginning with vSphere 4.0 Update 1.  Chad Sakac has posted a great video guide on YouTube that covers the setup:

I opted to use the tomcat installation on the environment’s vCenter server to host the PowerPath/VE repository.  To accomplish this, I simply created a new directory in the tomcat root directory.  The default path for the root directory on a vSphere vCenter Server is “C:\Program Files\VMware\Infrastructure\tomcat\webapps” (or C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\Infrastructure\tomcat\webapps on a 64-bit installation).

I created a directory named ‘depot’ and within that directory created a PowerPathVE folder.  I extracted the contents of the VUM folder from the PowerPath .zip file that I downloaded from http://powerlink.emc.com.  A screenshot of the directory is below:

PowerPath/VE Depot Directory Tree

After creating the directory for the patch repository, I simply added an Extension Repository to VMware Update Manager as Chad shows in his video.  I would like to call out one caveat – Because vCenter may not listen on standard HTTP/HTTPS ports, I used https://vcenter.domain.local:8443/depot/PowerPathVE/index.xml as the path to the source.

VUM Patch Source

Once PowerPath was added to an Extension Baseline in VUM, I simply had to scan my hosts for updates and remediate.  Installation of PowerPath/VE requires the host to be in Maintenance Mode and concludes with a reboot.  Pretty simple.

Then all you have to do is fight through an overly-complex licensing setup (seriously, a 112 page PDF on how to install licenses???), a bit of configuration, and you are multi-pathing with the best of them.  If you are interested in learning more about PowerPath/VE, start with this whitepaper: EMC PowerPath/VE for VMware vSphere Best Practices Planning.  For a bit of real-world insight into the performance increase you might see with PowerPath/VE, check out this blog post from Eric Sloof: Massive I/O power increase using EMC PowerPath/VE.

Update – 3/27/09: VMware published a Knowledge Base article on this procedure a few weeks after I wrote this post.  You can find it in  article 1018740.

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There are other issues with VMware virtual hardware upgrades, however, that you may not have experienced.  One such issue that I have experienced is highlighted in VMware Knowledge Base article 1013109: “Upgrading virtual hardware in ESX 4 may cause Windows 2008 disks to go offline“.  The problems described in the article are unique to Windows 2008 Enterprise and Datacenter editions only.  The problem is pretty well described in the title of the article – Upgrading virtual hardware in ESX 4 may cause Windows 2008 disks to go offline.  In this case, like with the ghost NIC’s I described last week, is more of a Microsoft issue, but it will rear its head when a VMware Administrator least desires it.  With this particular problem, the Windows Virtual Disk Service (part of the native Storage Management suite) is set to not auto-mount newly discovered disks that do reside on a shared bus.  Microsoft has a MSDN article on the VDS SANS policy here.  Upgrading the virtual hardware version causes the disks to be re-discovered and not auto-mounted.  This can potentially impact all non-system disks on a VM.

You may also experience similar issues when upgrading the vSCSI adapter in a VM from a standard LSI Logic Parallel SCSI adapter to a (new in vSphere 4.0) paravirtualized SCSI (pvSCSI) adapter, move virtual disks to new vSCSI adapters to increase the number of concurrent disk IO operations, or when you change the SCSI node ID of a virtual disk.  These may all trigger a re-discovery of the disks by the Windows Virtual Disk Service, leaving data disks offline on Windows 2008 Enterprise and Datacenter Edition guests.

In my opinion, these issues are not reasons to forgo upgrading your virtual hardware version.  However, when your upgrade/migration plans call for upgrading the virtual hardware version of your guests you should be prepared to resolve any issues caused by ‘ghost hardware’, offline disks, and the like.  Both the MSDN and VMware articles I cited above offer workarounds for the offline disk issue.  Here are the links again:

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Let me explain a bit about the environment so you can better understand what the problem was and how it was corrected. The environment was an all Microsoft shop, except for VMware of course. The company follows a virtualize-first policy and is about 90% virtualized, including the Active Directory Domain Controllers. The DC’s are Windows 2008 and serve up DHCP, DNS, and WINS in addition to their Directory Services roles.

The problems really began after I upgraded the virtual hardware version from v4 to v7 (check out page 97 of the vSphere Upgrade Guide for the upgrade procedure).  When a Windows server is upgrade from VMware Hardware Version 4 to 7, the VMware Upgrade Helper Service handles the reconfiguration of network adapters on the upgraded virtual machine.  The VMware Upgrade Helper Service is installed with VMware Tools and is one of the reasons, along with getting drivers installed for the new hardware, for upgrading VMware Tools before upgrading the hardware version.  If you review the Event Viewer Application log on an upgraded machine you will see several entries from VMUpgradeHelper (Source) with several different Event ID’s (26, 280, 272, 108, & 105).  An examination of these events will show that the VMware Upgrade Helper service 1.) Backed up the network configuration at OS shutdown, 2.) Started Automatically with the OS, 3.) Checks the device ID for the network adapter, 4.) If the device ID has changed (as a result of a hardware upgrade), the backed up configuration is restored and Event ID 269 is logged.

This behavior should be transparent for most configurations, with the exception of a slightly longer boot time following the upgrade.  However, I did notice a few problems with the NIC settings being restored under certain conditions.  First, on servers with a statically configured IPv4 stack, IP addresses and DNS server addresses were restored, but the WINS server addresses were not restored.  I suspect this is an oversight in the VMware Upgrade Helper service, but is probably not a major issue for many servers/environments as WINS is infrequently used.  However, for a WINS server itself to lose its configuration to use itself as a WINS server, bad things happen.  There are several ways to correct this – scripts, DHCP Options, etc.  In the end, this wasn’t really a show stopper for me in this small environment.

The second, and bigger issue for me, was that after the virtual hardware was upgraded and the VMware Upgrade Helper Service did it’s job my Active Directory and related services were not available.  DNS was not functioning, DHCP was not handing out addresses, and I couldn’t connect to AD using ADUC, GPMC or LDAP.  It took me a few minutes to figure out what was going on.  This seems to be what happened: the virtual hardware upgrade caused a new virtual network adapter to be installed in the VM and all of the settings, including the MAC, address to be restored.  The HW v4 NIC was removed from the machine, but Windows held onto the device as a ‘ghost NIC’ in Device Manager.  The core AD services, including DNS and DHCP, were still attempting to bind to the ghost NIC.  This behavior persisted through service restarts and reboots of the guest.  It wasn’t until I examined the IP configuration on the new NIC and clicked Apply (instead of canceling out) that I was prompted with a message indicating that there was more than one network interface configured with the same IP address, queuing me into the solution.

The error message should be familiar to anyone who has performed a Physical-to-Virtual migration (P2V) and is easily corrected by removing the old device through Windows Device Manager.  The device is hidden so you first have to expose it before deleting it.  Check http://support.microsoft.com/kb/315539 for details or simply follow my instructions below.  To expose the non-present NIC, open a command prompt and enter:

set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1

You can then open Device Manager (enter devmgmt.msc at the command prompt to save some time).  In Device Manager, click View | Show Hidden Devices.  Expand Network Adapters and find the grayed-out entry for the old NIC as pictured below.

Select the ghost NIC and right-click | Uninstall to remove it.

The final gotcha for me on this is that the set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1 command does not work on Windows 2008 (or Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 2008 R2).  To see and remove ghost NICs from Windows 2008, and environmental variable must be defined.  To set the variable, open Server Manager from the Windows Start Menu.  Highlight ‘Server Manager (%SERVERNAME%)’ in the left-side tree-view pane.  Click ‘Change System Properties’ in the right-hand pane.  Switch to the Advanced tab and click ‘Environment Variables.  Create a new System variable by clicking the New button.  The Variable name should be ‘devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices’ and the value should be ’1′ as pictured below.

Click OK to close out of any open Windows.  A reboot is not necessary for the variable to take effect, although you may have to close out of all open Device Manager Windows and then reopen devmgmt.msc.  Click View | Show Hidden Devices and remove the ghost NIC as described above.  A quick reboot after I removed the ghost NIC from the domain controllers and all Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, and WINS services immediately began operating normally.  This second issue is more of a Microsoft problem in my opinion, and has been around for some time.

Before you start getting all upset and the FUD starts flying (“this is Microsoft/VMware’s latest attempt to break VMware/Microsoft?”), it wasn’t really vSphere that broke Active Directory; It was me.  A little better planning and not rushing through the last wee hours of the upgrade Window could have saved some trouble.  If you are planning a similar upgrade, it would be best to upgrade your domain controllers/DNS servers one at a time and remediate the issues I have decribed before upgrading the next.  This will ensure continued availability of your Active Directory and other critical services during your upgrade.

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To reduce the size of your output, you can change your sampling delay to something larger, say 30-seconds.  I suppose you could also capture statistics when the host is not busy so you get fewer characters in the results, but that’s just being goofy.

A better way to reduce your ESXTOP output size is to selectively include only the statistics you are interested in, and is really what Mark was asking.  After all, all statistics from ESXTOP can be too many statistics, and chances are you already know what stats you are interested in.  Here’s how you can narrow down the collected stats for easier analysis and smaller output:

1. Enter ESXTOP in interactive mode on the Service Console by simply typing esxtop at the # prompt
2. Switch to a component you are NOT interested in capturing statistics on by pressing the corresponding menu option (c: ESX cpu, m: ESX memory, d: ESX disk adapter, u: ESX disk device, v: ESX disk VM).
3. Press f when viewing the component you do not want to capture.  A list of fields will be displayed.  You can toggle the fields on and off by pressing the letter corresponding to each field.  An * indicates that the field is on.  You want to turn off all of the fields you don’t want to collect.
4. Repeat steps 2 & 3 for the remaining components, leaving only what you want to capture.
5. Switch to the component you want to capture in batch mode and repeat step #3, except you will now enable what you want to capture.
6. Press W (capital W – case sensitive) to write out the ESXTOP configuration file.  You can accept the default or create new configuration files.  You may want to create a CPU-only config file, memory-only, and so forth.
7. Press CTRL+C to stop ESXTOP.
8. Now, invoke ESXTOP in batch mode, calling your updated or new configuration file you created in step #6 using the -c switch.  Here’s an example:# esxtop -b -d 30 -n 480 -c .esxtopcpustats > /tmp/esxtop_cpu_stats.csv where .esxtopcpustats is an ESXTOP config file with only CPU stats.  -d sets your capture interval to 30 seconds, and -n sets the number of samples to 480 (or 4 hours with a delay of 30 seconds).

Once your capture is complete you can replay the sampling in ESXTOP using replay mode (-R), or you can copy the .csv to a Windows system and use PERFMON or Excel to analyze the stats.  If using PERFMON or Excel you will notice that the system summary information displayed at the top of an interactive ESXTOP session is included in the output (console memory, console cpu, etc.).  As far as I know, there is no way to disable this, nor would you want to as it includes the time stamp necessary to interpret your data.

It is possible to use the vSphere CLI or the vSphere Management Assistant (vMA) to run RESXTOP, a version of ESXTOP designed for remote administration of ESXi or ESX.  You may note, however, RESXTOP from the vSphere CLI only works from a Linux client.  Using either of these tools will help you to automate ESXTOP statistics collection from multiple hosts using customized configuration files.

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I recently migrated an environment from vCenter 2.5 to 4.0 and in the process switched from a Windows 2003 32-bit vCenter host and a SQL 2005 server (remote to vCenter) to a Windows 2008 64-bit vCenter server with a SQL 2008 server (again, a remote SQL server).  I experienced a few issues during the migration and thought I had worked through them all (I’ll post on those at a later date).  However, after a bit of time I found that performance statistics for objects in the vCenter were missing of not rendering at an acceptable pace.  Upon further investigation, I discovered warnings in the vCenter Service Status node indicating that performance rollups within the vCenter database were not taking place.

In a SQL-backed vCenter, statistics rollups are handled by the SQL Server Agent (note: if you are using SQL Server Express, statistics rollups are handled by vCenter itself as SQL Express does not offer SQL Server Agent jobs).  KB 1003570 describes this process (it applies to vCenter 2.5, but the principles in it can be applied to 4.0).  To troubleshoot and resolve the issue I opened SQL Server Management Studio and checked several items:

1. Is the SQL Server Agent running?
2. Are there statistics rollup jobs defined for SQL server agent?
3. Are those jobs running?

In my case, the SQL Server Agent was running (you are prompted to configure this during the vCenter install).  However, when I checked for the presence of rollup jobs, I discovered that only a Past Day job had migrated with the database to the new SQL server.  Upon investigating the job history for that job I discovered that the job had not run since the migration (note to self: add these checks to your standard vCenter migration checklist).

To remediate the problem I completed the following steps:

1. Remove the bad ‘Past Day stats rollupVirtualCenter’ job from the list of SQL Server Agent Jobs.
2. Recreate the three standard stats rollup jobs.  To recreate the jobs, find SQL scripts on your vCenter server in C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\Infrastructure\VirtualCenter Server.  The .sql scripts you’ll need are stats_rollup1_proc_mssql.sql, stats_rollup2_proc_mssql.sql, and stats_rollup3_proc_mssql.sql.  Run these scripts in SQL Query Analyzer against your VirtualCenter Database in order from 1 to 3.  These scripts should create the rollup jobs and their associated stored procedures (this procedure is detailed at http://communities.vmware.com/thread/123715).
3. After recreating the jobs I took a backup of the vCenter database.  The Past Day job soon kicked off to begin a stats rollup (this runs every 30 minutes by default).

I checked the server several hours later and discovered that rather than completing successfully, the Past Day job was still running and the drive holding my vCenter database transaction log was full.  Back to the drawing board..

1. I disabled the Past Week and Past Month rollup jobs to avoid job conflicts.
2. I backed up the vCenter database and then performed a shrink of the log file to get it back down to size.
3. The vCenter was running as a VM, so I was able to quickly increase its disk size and use diskpart from within the guest to extend the partition.  The space required to process weeks of performance statistics is not included in the vCenter Database Sizing tool as it is assumed that the rollup/purge jobs will run as designed.

I wanted to see how bad the problem was before kicking off another job so I ran:

select count(*) from vpx_hist_stat1

against the vCenter database in SQL Query Analyzer.  The query ran for several hours (never a good sign) and eventually returned well over 20 million rows of performance statistics (thanks to http://communities.vmware.com/message/1318736 for pointing me in this direction).  I investigated options to truncate the tables (see above link), and also looked at a script from VMware KB 1000125: Purging old data from the database used by vCenter Server.  In the end, I decided to try to let the Past Day stats job run.

I stopped the vCenter  Server Service to prevent new statistics from being written to the database.  I also disabled the Past Week and Past Month SQL Agent jobs to prevent job conflicts and then manually started the Past Day job.  I had to stop the job several times as it filled the 100GB transaction log volume.  A backup & shrink operation gave me back the space on the log volume.  I saw about 300GB of transaction logs written over the course of this process, but the Past Day job eventually completed.

Finally, I re-enabled the Past Week and Past Month jobs and manually ran both of them (Past Week first, then Past Month), followed by a backup and shrink of the vCenter database.  I was impressed with the performance increase I saw in the vCenter client.  Lists and performance graphs rendered much faster than when stats rollups were not taking place.

It would be a good idea to include checking stats rollup job status and a count of rows from the vpx_hist_stat tables in the vCenter database in your regular maintenance tasks.  For other vCenter Database best practices, check out breakout session PO2061 from VMworld 2008.  If you did not attend or subscribe to VMworld, Scott Lowe covered the session in this post.  A VMworld 2009 “online only” session entitled VM3237 vCenter Databases: Setup, Management and Best Practices was also offered (subscription required).  I have not viewed this session so I cannot comment on its content.

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As a side note, Microsoft has published the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications to help standardize technical documentation.  I have long been a fan of Microsoft’s technical documentation for its easy to read style, although it sometimes lacks the depth that I desire.

While we’re on the topic of virtualization documentation, I have also been quite pleased with VMware’s technical documentation over the years, and have found it to be continually increasing in quality, providing very specific technical guidance and references to additional resources.  I have also been pleased to see that VMware has improved delivery options for documentation.  VMware offers several formats for documentation delivery, including web-based and PDF’s.  Start with the Documentation Roadmap for a quick introduction to the available documentation, and where to find what you need.

You can find web-based vSphere documentation here: http://pubs.vmware.com/vsp40/.   The web-based documentation is great for running searches on.  All vSphere documentation can be accessed through this page: http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/vs_pages/vsp_pubs_esx40_vc40.html.  If you want to do a full grab of all of VMware’s documentation for an in-house repository (e.g. SharePoint), check out xtravirt’s VMware Documentation Downloader script.

If you are looking for quick and easy evaluator guide-type documentation from VMware, check out these resources: ESXi Installable and vCenter Server Setup Guide and the Virtualization Kit (registration required) at http://www.vmware.com/resources/wp/virtualization101_register.html.

There is a ton of less formal VMware documentation in several places:

• Technical resources and case studies here: http://www.vmware.com/resources/techresources/
• Proven practices around Strategy, Applications, Security, Management, and Availability at VIOPS.
• Official VMware Blogs at http://www.vmware.com/vmtn/planet/vmware/.
• Community blogs aggregated by VMware at Planet v12n: http://www.vmware.com/vmtn/planet/v12n/
• VMworld Recorded Sessions & Labs (VMworld 2009 Sessions available as of today, September 14th) at http://vmworld.com.
• The VMware Community Forums: http://communities.vmware.com/
• And, 3rd party books like Scott Lowe’s Mastering VMware vSphere 4.

Do you have other sources of virtualization documentation or easy methods of searching documentation to find exactly what you need when you need it?  If so, leave a comment!

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• vCenter 4 and ESX 4 Now Use 10 Year Default SSL Certificate | VM /ETC – Rich Brambly has some guidance on installing a new SSL certificate on vCenter, with very useful links in his post to official VMware documentation and KB’s on the subject.
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• Virtu-Al » PowerCLI: Daily Report V2 – Version two of a handy PowerShell based VMware Environment Daily Report from VMware vExpert and PowerShell guru Alan Renouf
  What’s new/Bug Fixes
  * Active VMs count
  * Inactive VMs count
  * DRS Migrations count and list
  * Correct NTP Server check for each host
  * VMs stored on local datastores
  * NTP Service check for each host
  * vmkernel warning messages for each host
  * VM CPU ready over x%
• VMware Self-Service- VMware Update Manager Plug-In fails to install -Troubleshooting steps for vCenter Plug-in install problems.
• Using VMware VDI and vmSight for Stronger and Sustainable HIPAA and PCI Compliance – Virtualization brings new options for protecting sensitive data by moving it from the desktop into the datacenter.
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• NetApp, Compellent, HP, Dell top the field in 12-product test – Network World – A terabyte isn’t what it used to be. Disks are slower than you think. And a Gigabit Ethernet is plenty of bandwidth for many storage applications.

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Be sure to browse the catalog now so you are ready for session registration later in July.  From past experience, knowing what session and labs you want to attend before registration, and then jumping right into registration once it is available, is the best way to ensure you get a slot in the hottest sessions.

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